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CWE-234 (未对缺失参数进行处理) — Vulnerability Class 1

1 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-234 (未对缺失参数进行处理). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-234 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to verify the presence of required parameters before processing. This flaw typically arises when functions assume a fixed number of arguments, causing them to pop expected values from the stack even if fewer are provided. Attackers exploit this by sending truncated requests or omitting specific fields, potentially leading to stack corruption, unexpected control flow, or the exposure of sensitive memory data. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation routines that explicitly check argument counts and data integrity before execution. Utilizing type-safe programming languages and static analysis tools can further prevent these errors by enforcing strict parameter matching and detecting missing arguments during the compilation phase, thereby ensuring robust application behavior against malformed inputs.

MITRE CWE Description
If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.
Common Consequences (2)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access ControlExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity
There is the potential for arbitrary code execution with privileges of the vulnerable program if function parameter list is exhausted.
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
Potentially a program could fail if it needs more arguments then are available.
Mitigations (2)
Build and CompilationThis issue can be simply combated with the use of proper build process.
ImplementationForward declare all functions. This is the recommended solution. Properly forward declaration of all used functions will result in a compiler error if too few arguments are sent to a function.
Examples (1)
The following example demonstrates the weakness.
foo_funct(one, two); void foo_funct(int one, int two, int three) { printf("1) %d\n2) %d\n3) %d\n", one, two, three); }
Bad · C
void some_function(int foo, ...) { int a[3], i; va_list ap; va_start(ap, foo); for (i = 0; i < sizeof(a) / sizeof(int); i++) a[i] = va_arg(ap, int); va_end(ap); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { some_function(17, 42); }
Bad · C
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2022-20933 Cisco Meraki MX and Z3 Teleworker Gateway VPN Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Meraki MX Firmware 8.6 High2022-10-26

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-234 (未对缺失参数进行处理) represent 1 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.