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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3710

3710 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2024-5187 Arbitrary File Overwrite in download_model_with_test_data in onnx/onnx — onnx/onnx 8.8AIHighAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-3322 Path Traversal in parisneo/lollms-webui — parisneo/lollms-webui 9.3AICriticalAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-1873 Path Traversal and Denial of Service in parisneo/lollms-webui — parisneo/lollms-webui 7.5AIHighAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-3234 Path Traversal in gaizhenbiao/chuanhuchatgpt — gaizhenbiao/chuanhuchatgpt 7.5AIHighAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-0520 Remote Code Execution due to Full Controlled File Write in mlflow/mlflow — mlflow/mlflow 9.8AICriticalAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-5550 Exposure of Sensitive Information via Arbitrary System Path Lookup in h2oai/h2o-3 — h2oai/h2o-3 4.3AIMediumAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-23793 Upload of files outside application directory — OTRS 6.3 Medium2024-06-06
CVE-2024-4941 Local File Inclusion in JSON component in gradio-app/gradio — gradio-app/gradio 7.5AIHighAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-5505 NETGEAR ProSAFE Network Management System UpLoadServlet Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — ProSAFE Network Management System 8.8AIHighAI2024-06-06
CVE-2024-28995 SolarWinds Serv-U L Directory Transversal Vulnerability — SolarWinds Serv-U 8.6 High2024-06-06
CVE-2024-5153 Startklar Elementor Addons <= 1.7.15 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary Directory Deletion — Startklar Elementor Addons 9.1 Critical2024-06-06
CVE-2024-5179 Cowidgets – Elementor Addons <= 1.1.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion — Cowidgets – Elementor Addons 8.8 High2024-06-06
CVE-2024-35634 Woocommerce – Recent Purchases plugin <= 1.0.1 - File Inclusion vulnerability — Woocommerce – Recent Purchases 4.9 Medium2024-06-04
CVE-2024-34554 WordPress Stockholm Core plugin <= 2.4.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Stockholm Core 8.5 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-34552 WordPress Stockholm theme <= 9.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Stockholm 8.5 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-34551 WordPress Stockholm theme <= 9.6 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Stockholm 9.0 Critical2024-06-04
CVE-2024-34384 WordPress Sina Extension for Elementor plugin <= 3.5.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Sina Extension for Elementor 6.5 Medium2024-06-04
CVE-2024-33628 WordPress XforWooCommerce plugin <= 2.0.2 - Authenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability — XforWooCommerce 8.8 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-33568 WordPress Element Pack Pro plugin < 7.19.3 - Arbitrary File Read and Phar Deserialization vulnerability — Element Pack Pro 8.5 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-33560 WordPress XStore theme <= 9.3.8 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability — XStore 9.0 Critical2024-06-04
CVE-2024-33557 WordPress XStore Core plugin <= 5.3.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — XStore Core 8.5 High2024-06-04
CVE-2024-33541 WordPress Better Elementor Addons plugin <= 1.4.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability — Better Elementor Addons 6.5 Medium2024-06-04
CVE-2024-36104 Apache OFBiz: Path traversal leading to a RCE — Apache OFBiz 7.5AIHighAI2024-06-04
CVE-2024-27776 MileSight DeviceHub - CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') — DeviceHub 9.8 Critical2024-06-02
CVE-2024-5433 Path Traversal in Campbell Scientific CSI Web Server and RTMC — CSI Web Server and RTMC 7.5AIHighAI2024-05-28
CVE-2024-35219 OpenAPI Generator Online - Arbitrary File Read/Delete — openapi-generator 8.3 High2024-05-27
CVE-2024-5353 anji-plus AJ-Report ZIP File decompress path traversal — AJ-Report 6.3 Medium2024-05-26
CVE-2024-34060 Arbitrary File Write in IRIS EVTX Pipeline — iris-evtx-module 8.8 High2024-05-23
CVE-2024-4347 WP Fastest Cache <= 1.2.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion — WP Fastest Cache – WordPress Cache Plugin 7.2 High2024-05-23
CVE-2024-5147 WPZOOM Addons for Elementor (Templates, Widgets) <= 1.1.37 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion — WPZOOM Addons for Elementor – Starter Templates & Widgets 9.8 Critical2024-05-22

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3710 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.