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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 4308

4308 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2017-16106 tmock 路径遍历漏洞 — tmock node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16107 pooledwebsocket 路径遍历漏洞 — pooledwebsocket node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16108 gaoxiaotingtingting 路径遍历漏洞 — gaoxiaotingtingting node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16109 easyquick 路径遍历漏洞 — easyquick node module 5.3 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16110 weather.swlyons 路径遍历漏洞 — weather.swlyons node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16120 liyujing 路径遍历漏洞 — liyujing node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16121 datachannel-client 路径遍历漏洞 — datachannel-client node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16122 cuciuci 路径遍历漏洞 — cuciuci node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16123 welcomyzt 路径遍历漏洞 — welcomyzt node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16124 node-server-forfront 路径遍历漏洞 — node-server-forfront node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16125 rtcmulticonnection-client 路径遍历漏洞 — rtcmulticonnection-client node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16130 exxxxxxxxxxx 路径遍历漏洞 — exxxxxxxxxxx node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16131 unicorn-list 路径遍历漏洞 — unicorn-list node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16132 simple-npm-registry 安全漏洞 — simple-npm-registry node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16133 goserv 安全漏洞 — goserv node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16134 http_static_simple 路径遍历漏洞 — http_static_simple node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16135 serverzyy 路径遍历漏洞 — serverzyy node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16139 jikes 路径遍历漏洞 — jikes node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16140 lab6.brit95 路径遍历漏洞 — lab6.brit95 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16141 lab6drewfusbyu 路径遍历漏洞 — lab6drewfusbyu node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16142 infraserver 路径遍历漏洞 — infraserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16143 commentapp.stetsonwood 路径遍历漏洞 — commentapp.stetsonwood node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16144 myserver.alexcthomas18 路径遍历漏洞 — myserver.alexcthomas18 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16145 sspa 路径遍历漏洞 — sspa node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16146 mockserve 路径遍历漏洞 — mockserve node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16147 shit-server 路径遍历漏洞 — shit-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16148 serve46 路径遍历漏洞 — serve46 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16149 zwserver 路径遍历漏洞 — zwserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16150 wanggoujing123 路径遍历漏洞 — wangguojing123 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16152 static-html-server 路径遍历漏洞 — static-html-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 4308 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.