CWE-146 (表达式/命令分隔符转义处理不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 9

CWE-146 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize special characters that function as delimiters for expressions or commands. This flaw typically arises when an application accepts untrusted data from an upstream source and passes it directly to a downstream component, such as a command interpreter or query engine, without adequate neutralization. Attackers exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious delimiters, such as semicolons or pipes, into the input stream. These injected characters trick the downstream process into interpreting the injected data as executable commands or distinct query segments, leading to unintended actions like arbitrary code execution or data exfiltration. To mitigate this risk, developers must rigorously validate and escape all user-supplied inputs, ensuring that delimiter characters are either strictly prohibited or safely encoded before being processed by sensitive downstream systems.